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معالجة الخصوبة تزيد من مخاطر ولادة طفل يعاني تشوهات خلقية

أشارت دراسة أمريكية إلى أن النساء اللاتي يعانين في سبيل الحمل أو يلجأن إلى تقنيات إنجاب حديثة مثل الحقن المجهري ربما يكن أكثر عرضة لإنجاب أطفال مبتسرين أو يعانون تشوهات خلقية مقارنة بغيرهن اللاتي لم يواجهن أي مشاكل تتعلق بالخصوبة.

ويربط العلم منذ وقت طويل بين العقم وزيادة مخاطر إنجاب أطفال غير مكتملي النمو وتقدم هذه الدراسة دليلا جديدا على ذلك. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن من يواجهن مشاكل تتعلق بالخصوبة يكن أكثر عرضة بنسبة 39 بالمئة لإنجاب أطفال غير مكتملي النمو فيما تصل نسبة زيادة هذه المخاطر بسبب تقنيات التلقيح إلى 79 بالمئة.

وأظهرت الدراسة أيضا أن النساء ”ضعيفات الخصوبة“ أو من واجهن صعوبة في الإخصاب يكن أكثر عرضة بنسبة 21 بالمئة لإنجاب أطفال بعيوب خلقية مقارنة بمن أنجبن دون مشاكل.

وعندما درس الباحثون مرحلة الحمل التي يولد فيها الطفل وجدوا أن المواليد لأمهات عانين من مشاكل خصوبة أو استخدمن التلقيح الصناعي كن أكثر عرضة للإصابة بالتشوهات الخلقية وأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية والأمراض المعدية ومشاكل الجهاز التنفسي.

وقالت جودي ستيرن من مركز دارتماوث-هيتشكوك الطبي بمدينة لبانون في ولاية نيوهامبشاير الأمريكية ”نعتقد أن الظروف الصحية المتعلقة بضعف الخصوبة لدى الأم هي السبب الأكبر وراء الولادة غير الحميدة“.

وأضافت في رسالة بالبريد الالكتروني ”من المهم تذكر أن حجم أي زيادة في المخاطر صغير للغاية… لا نتحدث عن فروق كبيرة في معدلات الحالات المرضية“.

ويستمر الحمل عادة حوالي 40 أسبوعا ويعتبر أن المواليد بعد 37 أسبوعا قد أكملوا فترة الحمل.

وفي الأسابيع التالية على الولادة عادة ما يعاني الأطفال المبتسرون من مشكلات في التنفس والهضم. ويمكن أن يواجهوا كذلك تحديات أطول أمدا مثل ضعف الإبصار أو السمع أو الإدراك بالإضافة إلى مشاكل اجتماعية وسلوكية.

ودرس الباحثون بيانات 336705 أطفال ولدوا لأمهات يتمتعن بالخصوبة في الفترة من 2004 إلى 2010 و5043 مولودا لأمهات عانين من مشاكل خصوبة و8375 مولودا لأمهات استخدمن التلقيح الصناعي.

وقالت لوجان سبكتور، الباحثة في كلية الطب بجامعة مينيسوتا ولم تشارك في إعداد الدراسة ”أظهرت الكثير من الأبحاث أن الأطفال الذين ولدوا بعد عمليات تلقيح صناعي كانوا أصغر حجما ويولدون في وقت مبكر من الحمل ويعانون من عيوب خلقية أكثر من المواليد الطبيعيين… لكن من أوجه القصور الشائعة في هذه الدراسات هي صعوبة الفصل بين أثر أسلوب علاج الخصوبة والمشكلة الخفية المسببة لضعف الخصوبة“.

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