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针对 中国 ? 澳 大利亚通過 国家安全立法

Tsai Hsiao – Ying (Australia)

澳大利亚国会6月28日通过了「国家安全立法修正案(间谍活动及外国干预)法案」,以及「外国影响力透明化法案」,要求游说人士申报是否为其他国家服务,并大幅加重从事间谍活动的刑罚,两项法案旨在防范外国影响力与干预,另一条禁止外国政治捐款的法案也在进行中。

 

澳大利亚总理澳洲总理特恩布尔(Malcolm Turnbull)表示:「捍卫澳洲主权非常重要,我们的立场很清晰:我们希望确保,在澳洲民主政制中发挥影响力、作出决策的,是澳洲人。」

 

他说,「外国利益群体想取得澳洲内政的话语权或影响力,当然可以这样做,但要公开、透明地做。」

 

 

影响深远的新法案,要求游说人士申报,是否在为其它国家的政府服务,未披露有关联繫者将面临刑事检控。法案也加重对间谍活动的刑罚,洩露国家机密资讯的行为将面对更严厉的刑罚,入侵澳洲企业系统盗取商业机密的外国人则要面对最高15年监禁。

 

此外,法案还纳入新的外国干预及破坏罪行,将破坏「重要基建」如电网及交通系统的行为刑事化。

 

 

去年12月,特恩布尔宣佈修改管制外国势力入侵澳洲的国家安全法时,引述澳洲安全情报机构(Australian Security Intelligence Organisation,简称ASIO)的报告,警告澳洲目前受外国不当影响的威胁十分严重。

 

他表示,澳洲握有「外国干政」的证据,并引述一些媒体报道,尝试证明中国的确在「干预」澳洲的事务,「有些媒体报导了中国共产党企图暗中干预我们的媒体、我们的大学,甚至是现在坐在这裡的诸位所做的决策!」随后引用已故中国领导人毛泽东的经典语录「中国人民站起来」改为「澳洲人民站起来」,呼吁澳洲人应捍卫自己的主权。

 

他还将俄罗斯干预美国大选的指控作为改革的一个理由。「在这件事上,我们不应该天真」「为影响国内外政治进程,外国势力正进行前所未有的、日益精进的尝试。」

 

之前,多宗报导揭发一些被指与中国政府有关联的组织,这几年向两大政党自由党及工党捐献了超过490万美元。最受争议的是工党议员邓森(Sam Dastyari)被揭发曾收受与中国政府有关的公司捐款,又被发现针对南中国海问题曾表达与工党政策相左的立场,被澳洲国家安全部门监听,“出卖了澳大利亚”,最终不得不辞去国会职务。

 

中国多次否认介入澳洲政治的指控,澳媒屡屡揭发中国资金对澳洲政坛的影响,被认为是澳洲政府快速推动反外国干扰立法的肇因。

 

 

自特恩布尔去年底发表有关讲话后,澳大利亚与其最大贸易伙伴中国的关係恶化。中国外交部亦对特恩布尔针的抨击提出反驳,官方媒体环球网批评特恩布尔和外长毕晓普“带头”,澳官方及媒体不断炒作中国“渗透”澳大利亚,向澳“派间谍”,操控在澳华商和留学生,通过华商搞政治捐款等等。澳洲总理和部长及多名政府高级官员,原本计划将在5月到中国参加澳洲大型年度贸易博览会,却惨遭中国拒发签证。

 

澳洲外长毕晓普(Julie Bishop)三月在新加坡出席活动时,发表讲话指中国不是「民主国家」,而国际社会都比较喜欢民主制度。中国政府要求个国际航空公司在网站上列明台湾是中国的一部份,毕晓普也批评中国不应干预私人公司的运作。中国外长王毅在5月21日出席二十国集团会议时,就向毕晓普指出澳洲要「摘下有色眼镜」,两国合作才会有进展。

 

但特恩布尔之后强调,澳洲的法案并非针对任何国家而设。澳大利亚贸易部长史蒂文·乔博6月28日表示,旨在防止外国政府干涉的新法案并不针对中国,此举被视为堪培拉试图缓解双边的紧张关係。

 

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