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التوتر يزداد بين مصر وأثيوبيا حول النيل

nilقالت الحكومة الاثيوبية اليوم الجمعة إن عملية بناء سد على نهر النيل غير قابلة للتفاوض في وقت تتصاعد فيه المواجهة مع مصر بهذا الشأن.

وقالت مصر هذا الاسبوع إنها ستطالب بوقف المشروع بعدما بدأت اثيوبيا في تحويل مجرى قطاع من النهر لافساح المجال أمام بناء السد الذي يتكلف 4.7 مليار دولار ومن المنتظر ان يكون أكبر سد لتوليد الكهرباء في افريقيا.

وقالت اثيوبيا انها استدعت سفير مصر لتقديم تفسير لتصريحات أدلى بها سياسون في القاهرة نصحوا خلالها الرئيس محمد مرسي بالقيام بعمل عدائي لوقف بناء السد.

وقال متحدث باسم رئيس الوزراء هيلا مريم ديسالين إن موقف مصر بشأن السد غير واضح وإن مخاوفها دائما لا تستند إلى اسس علمية. وقال المتحدث الرسمي جيتاشيو ريدا لرويترز “على أي حال لا فائدة من المطالبة بوقف البناء. هذا غير قابل للتفاوض.”

وتتنازع دول حوض النيل بشأن استغلال المياه منذ عقود الأمر الذي اثار المخاوف مرارا من تحول النزاعات إلى حرب. ووضعت اثيوبيا خططا لاستثمار اكثر من 12 مليار دولار لاستغلال الانهار التي تجري عبر هضابها الوعرة لتصبح اكبر مصدر للكهرباء في افريقيا.

ومحور الخطة هو سد النهضة الكبير الذي تم إنجاز 21 في المئة منه والذي تقول الحكومة إن طاقته ستبلغ ستة آلاف ميجاوات في نهاية المطاف. وتقول مصر إن إثيوبيا لم تدرس بشكل كاف آثار مشروع سد النهضة على النهر وإن تقريرا أعدته لجنة خبراء من مصر والسودان واثيوبيا غير واف.

وتعرضت الحكومة المصرية للحرج يوم الاثنين عندما دعي سياسيون بارزون لمناقشة الأزمة وتحدثوا دون أن يكونوا على علم فيما يبدو بأن الاجتماع مذاع على الهواء. واقترح أحدهم أن تنشر مصر شائعات بأنها تعزز قواتها الجوية وقال آخر وهو يونس مخيون زعيم حزب النور السلفي إنه ينبغي لمصر دعم المتمردين في أثيوبيا أو تدمير السد كحل أخير.

وقال جاتشيو “يتعين أن ننتظر لنرى ما إذا كان التخريب سيوضع على القائمة” مضيفا ان محاولات سابقة من جانب مصر في عهد الرئيس السابق حسني مبارك لزعزعة استقرار اثيوبيا من خلال دعم المتمردين باءت بالفشل. وقال “زعزعة استقرار اثيوبيا لم يكتب لها النجاح حتى عندما كنا في أضعف حالاتنا في الماضي. “نحن في وضع أفضل بكثير يسمح لنا بتجنب أي تاثيرات سلبية ربما تأتي من مصر أو أي دولة أخرى.” ورغم ذلك رفض جاتشيو احتمال نشوب صراع وقال إنه يأمل من مرسي أن “ينحاز إلى جانب العقل”.

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