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ودائع السوريين في لبنان …مليارات

شارع المصارف في وسط بيروت

شارع المصارف في وسط بيروت

قدرت مصادر مصرفية حجم ودائع السوريين في المصارف اللبنانية بما لا يقل عن 10 مليار دولار، ويرتفع هذا الرقم إلى 15 ملياراً، بإضافة حجم الاستثمارات التي وظفها السوريون في بعض قطاعات الاقتصاد اللبناني، وخصوصاً في التجارة والصناعة والسياحة، لا سيما في قطاع المطاعم والمواد الغذائية والعقارات.

وحسب متابعين لهذه الاستثمارات، تفاوتت أرقام ودائع السوريين في المصارف اللبنانية حسب تطور الحرب السرية، وحركة نزوح السوريين الميسورين إلى لبنان، وفي ضوء تطبيق العقوبات الاقتصادية الأميركية والأوروبية ضد عدد كبير من السياسيين والعسكريين ورجال الأعمال في سورية.

وقالت مصادر مصرفية، إن “حجم ودائع السوريين في لبنان كان منذ نحو 10 سنوات أكثر من 18 مليار دولار، وكان التجار السوريون يعتمدون على المصارف اللبنانية في فتح اعتماداتهم التجارية للاستيراد، لأنه لم يكن هناك في ذلك الوقت مصارف خاصة في سورية”. وأضافت المصادر إنه ” بعد أن سمح النظام بإنشاء مثل هذه المصارف، وأنشأ لبنانيون مصارف خاصة في سورية، مع السماح بالتعامل بالعملات الأجنبية وخصوصاً الدولار، تراجع حجم ودائع السوريين في المصارف العاملة في لبنان”.

غير أن حركة المصارف بشكل عام، تراجعت في سورية بنسبة كبيرة مع اشتداد العمليات العسكرية التي صاحبت الأزمة السورية، عمد المستثمرون إلى تهريب أموالهم إلى البلدان المجاورة ومنها لبنان، وقدرت مصادر سورية هروب أكثر من 20 مليار دولار.

إلا أن المستثمرين السوريين في لبنان اصطدموا بتدبيرين طلب مصرف لبنان تطبيقهما بشدة، الأول يتعلق بتطبيق نظام مراقبة العمليات المالية والمصرفية لمكافحة عمليات تبييض أو غسيل الأموال، وتمويل الإرهاب.  واضطرت المصارف اللبنانية إلى رفض فتح حسابات مصرفية جديدة للسوريين بشكل عام، تنفيذاً لإجراءات المقاطعة الأميركية والأوروبية، ما حملهم على نقل أموالهم إلى بلدان أخرى.
أما التدبير الثاني، فهو يتعلق بتطبيق قانون الامتثال الضريبي الأميركي المعروف باسم الـ”فاتكا”، لاستيفاء الضرائب من الأميركيين أو الذين يحملون الإقامة في الولايات المتحدة ويقيمون في الخارج، الأمر الذي حمل بعض السوريين على نقل أموالهم من لبنان.

وبسبب هذين التدبيرين وفي ظل استمرار حالة عدم الاستقرار السياسي والأمني، تراجع حجم ودائع السوريين في لبنان، واضطر هؤلاء التجار إلى الاستعانة باللبنانيين لفتح اعتمادات الاستيراد إلى سورية.

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