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عودة المساعدات الأميركية مشروطة باتفاقية السلام مع إسرائيل

سيعيد مشروع قانون الانفاق الجديد بالكونغرس الاميركي مساعدات اقتصادية وعسكرية لمصر تقدر بأكثر من 1.5 بليون دولار كانت قد قطعت بعدما عزل الجيش الرئيس محمد مرسي في الصيف الماضي.
ويشمل مشروع القانون ما يصل إلى 1.3 بليون دولار مساعدات عسكرية و250 مليون دولار دعماً اقتصادياً لمصر لكنه يربط التمويل باتخاذ خطوات نحو استعادة الديمقراطية.
وسيكون التمويل متاحاً فقط إذا شهد وزير الخارجية الاميركي أمام لجنة المخصصات بالكونغرس بأن حكومة مصر تحافظ على علاقاتها الاستراتيجية مع الولايات المتحدة وتفي بالتزاماتها بموجب اتفاقية السلام المبرمة بين مصر واسرائيل في 1979.
ومن شأن إعادة المساعدات لمصر أن يشكل سابقة تقدم فيها أميركا مساعدات لدولة بعد عزل الجيش لرئيس على الرغم من أن أنصار مرسي يعتبرون ما حدث انقلابا بينما ترفض الحكومة الحالية ذلك.
ويرى المؤيدون ان استعادة التمويل الذي يخضع لشروط يخلق توازنا ملائما بين دفع الحكومة لتبني اصلاحات ديمقراطية ومواصلة التزام الولايات المتحدة نحو مصر.
وقال السناتور باتريك ليهي رئيس اللجنة الفرعية المسؤلة عن المساعدات بمجلس الشيوخ في كلمة اليوم الثلاثاء “اذا واصل الجيش أساليبه القمعية واعتقال النشطاء المدافعين عن الديمقراطية ولم يجر انتخابات حرة ونزيهة فلن تكون الشهادات ممكنة وستقطع المعونة الامريكية.”
وكانت ادارة الرئيس باراك اوباما أعلنت في التاسع من تشرين الاول (أكتوبر) بعدما استخدمت السلطات في مصر القوة ضد محتجين انها ستعلق تسليم دبابات وطائرات مقاتلة ومعدات عسكرية اخرى بالاضافة الى مساعدات نقدية قيمتها 250 مليون دولار اميركي للحكومة التي يدعمها الجيش إلى أن تحقق تقدما فيما يتعلق بالديمقراطية وحقوق الانسان. وعلى الرغم من ذلك احجمت الإدارة رسمياً عن اعتبار ما حدث في مصر انقلاباً.
ودفع ذلك العديد من المشرعين للمطالبة بتغيير السياسة الاميركية وعبروا عن قلقهم من ان واشنطن تعرض للخطر علاقتها الوثيقة مع بلد حليف مهم في منطقة غير مستقرة.
واثارت اعادة المساعدات انتقادات بالفعل. وقالت صحيفة “واشنطن بوست” في مقالتها الافتتاحية اليوم الثلاثاء ان الديمقراطية “الزائفة” في مصر لا تستحق المعونة الاميركية وقالت ان الشهادات بأن مصر تستعيد الديمقراطية لن يمكن تقديمها صراحة.
وكتبت الصحيفة تقول “… الوسائل القمعية للجيش لا يمكن أن تؤدي الى الاستقرار في مصر ناهيك عن أن تعالج مشاكلها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية الصعبة.”
وقال ليهي وزعماء اخرون في لجان المخصصات الفرعية المسؤولة عن التفويض بتقديم المساعدات في مجلسي الشيوخ والنواب ان مشروع القانون يفرض على السلطات المصرية شروطا أشد صرامة مما طالبت به ادارة اوباما او مما ورد في تشريع مقترح في مجلس الشيوخ.
ويقول انصار مرسي اول رئيس مصري منتخب بشكل حر إن عزله كان انقلابا قوض مكاسب الانتفاضة الشعبية التي اطاحت بالرئيس الأسبق حسني مبارك في 2011.
ويرفض الجيش تلك المزاعم من جانب جماعة الاخوان المسلمين التي ينتمي اليها مرسي ويقول ان عزله جاء استجابة لارادة الشعب.

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