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#السعودية: عهد الملك سلمان بن عبد العزيز

العاهل السعودي يتلقى البيعة

العاهل السعودي يتلقى البيعة

تعهد العاهل السعودي الجديد الملك سلمان يوم الجمعة بالحفاظ على سياسات البلاد في مجالي الطاقة والشؤون الخارجية ثم تحرك سريعا لتعيين رجال أصغر سنا لخلافته ليحدد مسار الخلافة على مدى سنوات قادمة بتسمية ولي لولي العهد من الجيل التالي في الأسرة الحاكمة.

وبتعيين أخيه غير الشقيق الأمير مقرن (69 عاما) وليا للعهد وابن اخيه الأمير محمد بن نايف (55 عاما)، هو من الجيل الذي يلي جيل أولاد عبد العزيز، وليا لولي العهد يكون الملك سلمان تحرك سريعا لوأد التكهنات عن خلافات داخل القصر في وقت اضطراب اقليمي.

وارتفعت أسعار النفط يوم الجمعة في رد فعل سريع إذ زادت وفاة الملك عبد الله من حالة عدم اليقين في أسواق الطاقة.

وأصبح الملك سلمان -الذي يعتقد أنه في التاسعة والسبعين- الآن على رأس السلطة في بلد يواجه تحديات داخلية طويلة الأمد مصحوبة بانخفاض أسعار النفط في الشهور القليلة الماضية وصعود تنظيم الدولة الاسلامية المتشدد في العراق وسوريا والذي تعهد بالاطاحة بالعائلة الحاكمة في السعودية.

وسيتعين على العاهل الجديد أن يوجه دفة الأمور في منافسة محتدمة مع إيران القوة الشيعية والتي تتجلى في العراق وسوريا واليمن ولبنان والبحرين. وسيواجه أيضا صراعا مفتوحا في دولتين مجاورتين وتهديدا من الإسلاميين المسلحين وعلاقات مع الولايات المتحدة تعتريها بعض الصعوبات.

وفي أول خطاب له كعاهل للسعودية والذي نقله التلفزيون الحكومي تعهد الملك سلمان بالحفاظ على نفس نهج أسلافه في قيادة أكبر مصدر للنفط في العالم ومهد الاسلام ودعا إلى الوحدة بين الدول العربية. وقال “سنظل بحول الله وقوته متمسكين بالنهج القويم الذي سارت عليه هذه الدولة منذ تأسيسها… فدستورنا هو كتاب الله تعالى وسنة نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم.”

ويقول محللون إنه مع تزايد سكان السعودية وانخفاض أسعار النفط عالميا ستواجه العائلة الحاكمة صعوبات متزايدة للحفاظ على انفاقها السخي على المزايا الاجتماعية للمواطنين مما قد يقوض شرعيتها المستقبلية في بلد لا توجد به انتخابات. وسبق أن تحدث الملك سلمان ضد فكرة ادخال الديمقراطية إلى السعودية في تصريحات لدبلوماسيين أمريكيين سجلت في برقيات للسفارة نشرها موقع ويكيليكس في وقت لاحق.

ومن المتوقع أن يركز على استحداث وظائف واقامة مشروعات كبيرة للبنية الاساسية لمنع اسعار النفط المتراجعة من التسبب في توترات اجتماعية او تقويض ثقة قطاع الأعمال.

وأدهشت سرعة القرارات السعوديين الذين اعتادوا على تأخير يصل الى شهور قبل شغل المناصب الكبرى عقب وفاة ملوكهم. وربط البعض بين اختيار الأمير محمد بن نايف وسجله القوي في مكافحة الارهاب كوزير للداخلية.

وقال جوزيف كيتشتشيان الباحث في شؤون العائلات الحاكمة في الخليج “الأوقات الحالية خطرة.” واضاف أن “تعيين محمد بن نايف يظهر أن سلمان يشعر أن من المهم التحدث سريعا بصوت حازم واحد في مواجهة كل تلك التهديدات.”

ويبدو من المستبعد أن يغير سلمان النهج في الشؤون الخارجية أو سياسة الطاقة إذ يعرف عنه اسلوبه العملي ومهارته في تحقيق التوازن الدقيق بين مصالح رجال الدين والقبائل والاسرة الحاكمة والغرب التي تؤثر كلها في صنع السياسات السعودية.

ورغم الشائعات عن صحة الأمير سلمان وقوته يقول دبلوماسيون حضروا اجتماعات بينه وبين زعماء اجانب على مدى العام المنصرم إنه كان مشاركا بقوة في احاديث استمرت عدة ساعات.

 

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