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صحيفة جمهورييت تتحدى اردوغان

capture-decran-2016-11-06-a-01-08-26تاسست صحيفة جمهورييت بعد اقل من عام من تاسيس جمهورية تركيا الحديثة، وواصلت الصحيفة تغطية الاخبار على مدى مئة عام تقريبا. ورغم اعتقال تسعة من موظفيها والمشاكل القانونية المتراكمة ضدها الا ان الصحيفة العريقة تعهدت بان لا يسكت صوتها.

تاسست صحيفة جمهورييت (الجمهورية) في عام 1924 كداعم اساسي للدولة العلمانية الحديثة التي اسسها مصطفى كمال اتاتورك على انقاض الامبراطورية العثمانية.

ولكن في السنوات الاخيرة تبنت الصحيفة خطا قويا ضد حزب العدالة والتنمية الحاكم ما وضعها على طريق التصادم مع الرئيس رجب طيب اردوغان.

والسبت امرت السلطات التركية باعتقال تسعة صحافيين ومدراء تنفيذيين في الصحيفة من بينهم عدد من ابرز الصحافيين في تركيا مثل رئيس تحريرها مراد سابونجو والكاتب الصحافي المناهض لاردوغان قدري غورسيل ورسام الكاريكاتير موسى كارت.

وهم متهمون بالارتباط بالمتمردين الاكراد وبمحاولة الانقلاب التي وقعت في منتصف تموز/يوليو الماضي.

وقالت الصحيفة على صفحتها الاولى في رسالة الى الحكومة “سيذكركم التاريخ بالعار”.

ونظم انصار وموظفو الصحيفة وقفة تضامنية مع زملائهم وحملوا نسخا من عددها الاخير.

وقال الكاتب ايدين انغين احد موظفين افرجت عنهما المحكمة ووضعتهما تحت المراقبة “ان هذه القضية سخيفة وليس ذلك فحسب بل هي غير اخلاقية”.

وقال في تلاوة لرسالة رئيس التحرير “ننحني امام شعبنا وقرائنا. ولا ننحني امام اي شخص اخر”.

– “بيئة عدائية”-

تملك صحيفة جمهورييت مؤسسة تضمن استقلاليتها رغم انها لا تضمن امنها المالي بعكس العديد من الصحف التركية التي تملكها شركات صناعية كبيرة والتي تكون وفق الناقدين اكثر عرضة للتأثر بنفوذ الحكومة.

وعلى عكس الصحف الاخرى فان جمهورييت لا تفرد الكثير من المساحة لاخبار المشاهير وصور نجوم الدراما التركية اثناء اجازاتهم، بل تولي اهتماما اكبر بالفنون.

ويعود تاريخ عدد من الصحف المحلية وذات الاهتمامات الخاصة في تركيا الى الحقبة العثمانية، الا ان جمهورييت هي اقدمها الصحف الرئيسية.

وتوزع الصحيفة ما يزيد عن 50 الف نسخة، ولكن تاثيرها كصوت مستقل كان كبيرا جدا.

واتخذت الصحيفة قرارا مهما في شباط/فبراير 2015 عندما عينت وبعد سنوات من النزاعات الداخلية، الكاتب المعروف ومخرج الافلام جان دوندار رئيسا للتحرير.

واخذ دوندار الصحيفة باتجاه اليسار ودفعها الى تبني خط مناهض للحكومة، وفي ايار/مايو 2015 نشرت الصحيفة على صفحتها الاولى خبرا تقول فيه ان الحكومة ترسل اسلحة الى المسلحين في سوريا.

وحذر اردوغان دوندار بانه “سيدفع ثمنا باهظا”، وفي ايار/مايو 2016 صدر بحق دوندار حكم بالسجن لمدة خمس سنوات وعشرة اشهر بتهمة الكشف عن اسرار الدولة. وصدر بحق مدير مكتبه في انقرة ارديم غول حكم بالسجن خمس سنوات.

كما ان دوندار مطلوب في القضية الحالية ضد جمهورييت. ولكن وبانتظار صدور حكم الاستئناف في الحكم الصادر بحقه، تمكن دوندار من الفرار الى المانيا، وتعهد من هناك بانشاء وسيلة اعلامية جديدة ناطقة بالتركية.

كما اثارت الصحيفة غضب السلطات في مطلع 2015 من خلال اعادة نشر رسم كاريكاتير للنبي محمد عقب الهجوم على صحيفة شارلي ايبدو الفرنسية في باريس.

واستقال دوندار من منصبه رئيسا للتحرير في اب/اغسطس 2016 وقال ان العودة الى تركيا لمواجهة القضاء “بمثابة وضع راسي تحت المقصلة”.

وفي 2015 منحت منظمة “مراسلون بلا حدود” الصحيفة جائزة حرية الصحافة تكريما لجهودها في الدفاع عن حرية الاعلام “في البيئة التي تزداد عدائية، ولتغطيتها الشجاعة” للاحداث.

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