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كيف التقليل من خطر الإصابة بسكتة دماغية

توصل باحثون إلى أن العمل لساعات طويلة مرتبط بتزايد خطر الإصابة بالسكتة الدماغية.

وأوضحت الدراسة الفرنسية أن المقصود بالساعات الطويلة أن يعمل الإنسان لفترة تتجاوز عشر ساعات خلال خمسين يوما على الأقل كل عام.

ويرى الباحثون في الدراسة أن من يعملون لساعات طويلة لأكثر من عشر سنوات هم الأكثر عرضة للإصابة بالسكتة الدماغية.

إلا أن جمعية مكافحة “السكتة الدماغية” في بريطانيا قالت إن هناك الكثير من الأمور التي يمكن القيام بها لمواجهة تأثير العمل لساعات طويلة، ومن بينها أداء التمارين الرياضية وتناول نظام غذائي جيد.

وفحص الباحثون، وهم من جامعة أنجيه الفرنسية والمعهد القومي الفرنسي للأبحاث الصحية والطبية، بيانات ترصد تأثير الفئة العمرية وعادات كالتدخين وساعات العمل ضمن دراسة شملت أكثر من 143 ألف شخص بالغ.

ومن أولئك، كانت نسبة أقل من الثلث فقط تعمل لساعات طويلة، ومن بينهم عشرة في المئة ممن عملوا لساعات طويلة على مدار عشر سنوات أو أكثر.

وفي المجمل، أصيب 1224 شخصا بسكتات دماغية.

وقال الباحثون في الدراسة، في دورية “ستروك” التي تنشرها الجمعية الأمريكية لطب القلب، إن من يعملون لساعات طويلة كانوا أكثر عرضة للإصابة بالسكتة الدماغية بنسبة 29 في المئة أكثر من غيرهم. في حين أن من يعملون لساعات طويلة لفترة تصل إلى عشر سنوات أو أكثر، زادت فرص إصابتهم بالسكتة الدماغية بنسبة 45 في المئة.

واستبعد من الدراسة من يعملون بدوام جزئي أو من أصيبوا بالسكتة الدماغية دون أن يعملوا لساعات طويلة.

وقال الطبيب أليكسيز ديسكاثا، كبير الباحثين في الدراسة: “بدت فرص الجمع ما بين عشر سنوات من العمل لساعات طويلة والإصابة بالسكتة الدماغية أقوى مع من هم دون الخمسين.”

وأضاف: “لم يكن ذلك متوقعا، وهناك حاجة لأن تجرى دراسات مستقبلية للنظر في هذه النتيجة.”

وتابع قائلا: “كطبيب، سأنصح مرضاي بأن يعملوا بطريقة أكثر فعالية، وأنوي اتباع نصيحتي الخاصة في ذلك.”

واعتمدت الدراسة على النظر في الأرقام أكثر من المسببات. لكن دراسة أخرى وجدت أن أرباب الشركات والمدراء التنفيذيين ومن يعملون في مواقع إدارية بدوا أقل عرضة للتأثيرات السلبية للعمل لساعات طويلة، على النقيض ممن يعملون بنوبات عمل غير منتظمة أو خلال الليل أو من يعانون من ضغط نفسي مرتبط بعملهم.

وقال الدكتور ريتشارد فرانسيس، رئيس قسم الأبحاث بجمعية “ستروك”: “هناك العديد من الأمور البسيطة التي يمكنك القيام بها للتقليل من خطر الإصابة بسكتة دماغية، حتى وإن كنت تعمل لساعات طويلة.”

وتابع: “تناول نظام غذائي صحي، وتخصيص وقت للتمارين الرياضية، والتوقف عن التدخين، والحصول على القسط الكافي الموصى به من النوم، كلها أمور من شأنها أن تحدث فارقا كبيرا إيجابيا لصحتك.”

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