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撤回送中条例 香港继续抗争

Hsiao-ying Tsai
因不满孟晚舟加国落网,北京促修“送中条款”寻求反制的政治盘算,引来香港近三个月的激烈抗争,行政长官林郑月娥终于九月四日宣布撤回《逃犯条例》修法,不仅无法停止抗争,也让北京罕见吞下撤回成命的败绩,遭到网民愤怒指责,在这个局势下,首位访华的德国总理默克尔对中国总理李克强说,『中英联合声明』仍然有效,之前一再否决这个声明的北京,却默不作声。s
德国总理默克尔是香港反修例风波以来,首位访华的重要西方国家领导人,在与中国总理李克强举行记者会时明确表示,1984年签署的『中英联合声明』基础上诞生的基本法保障香港公民的权利和自由,而该协议仍然有效,希望北京继续遵守。s
之前,中国官方明确否认这一为香港回归中国奠定一国两制基础的联合声明已经过时。在以往中国外交部举行的记者会上,每当记者就这一被视为奠定一国两制基础的联合声明提问时,中国外交部发言人多次表示这一声明已经过时,北京方面甚至对英国方面提及这一联合声明予以冷嘲热讽。s
因此,默克尔的表态尤为重要。默克尔在回答记者提问时,呼吁北京和平解决香港冲突。默克尔表示,香港特首也已释放出愿意展开对话的信号,希望对话能够实现。s
默克尔访问中国一向是买卖照做,人权问题照提,她强调『中英联合声明』仍然有效,在西方树敌良多的中国,面对默克尔这位难得的贵客说出之前一再被官方否定联合声明有效的“事实”,中国总理李克强没有特别反应。s
李克强仅重申了中国政府对香港的传统立场。他强调,中国政府坚定不移维护“一国两制”“港人治港”“高度自治”,支持特区政府依法止暴制乱,恢复秩序。李克强就香港局势的发言,被认为是中共高层自香港事件爆发以来,中共高层首次发声。s
“反送中”为始的香港抗争延烧3个月后,香港行政长官林郑月娥终于九月四日宣布撤回《逃犯条例》修法,之前林郑月娥“私下谈话”录音却造成巨大震撼。s
法国世界报就以“香港特首林郑月娥不可思议的忏悔”为题,说明林郑月娥的这一承认是前所未有的,它让人们对香港13个星期以来所发生的史无前例的危机有了更进一步的了解。林郑月娥明示她给香港造成“不可原谅的”“巨大的破坏”,如果可以,她会选择辞职,如果她有选择的话会“深深道歉”,然后“第一件要做的事就是辞职”。林郑月娥的这些话让人感到她就是北京当局的俘虏。s
林郑接下来的话就更有深意,她说她有两个主子,一个是北京,一个是港人,让她左右为难。北京不让她后退半步,而港人则步步紧逼。核心的原因仍然是一国两制,林郑的重心指向在这里更清楚地直指北京。如果北京落实直选承诺,香港的事情不会闹到今天这种地步,港人也不会让她这位特首如此为难。s
RFI报导,在香港的反对派看来,林郑无非是北京的傀儡,但是,林郑能以如此吐露形式“泄露天机”,显然她仍有某种程度的表达自由,如果她想表达,北京奈何她不得,北京之所以意想不到林郑会这样做,是因为北京错把听话的香港特首当作“我党干部”,或者如中国网民讥讽的“某省省委书记”可以随意摆布,他们仅仅需要反映北京立场,“遵守纪律”事事“请示汇报”,等到“党中央批准”后才可对外谈话,那想到林郑就这样以私下谈话形式一股脑儿端给外界了。连林郑也不是绝对顺从,香港还能找到一个顺从的人吗?这就是两种制度的区别,林郑被逼急的时候,仍然可以以某种方式说话,而共党的干部,即使地位再高,也只能“服从党的决定”了。由此,习近平似应明白,这就是一国两制,香港本无事,香港有示威、反对的自由,言论的自由,司法的自由,北京只需按照自己当年承诺的守信,遵守承诺,香港一切都好。s
据台湾媒体上报则透露,虽然香港政府一再声称,推动《逃犯条例》修法的起因为2018年初发生在台湾的潘晓颖命案,然而知情人士指出,北京之所以要求港府推动修例,起因为华为财务长孟晚舟在加拿大被捕之后,中国希望在香港掌握类似的法律筹码所致。s
2018年2月,港人潘晓颖在台湾遭同为香港籍的男友陈同佳杀害;由于关键证据都在台湾,台湾三度要求香港将陈同佳遣送至台湾受审,均遭港府以双方没有司法互助机制而不予回应。林郑月娥在面对立法会及公众质疑时,也一律以缺乏法律依据而拒绝作为。s
然而在案件悬宕一年后,港府突然于今年2月宣布提交《逃犯条例》及《刑事事宜相互法律协助条例》修正草案,将中国司法区纳入逃犯移交对象,此外也授权香港政府协助中国等司法区冻结没收在港财产。内容一经揭示,引发香港社会强烈疑虑。s
报道引据知情人士指出,出现此一转折点的可能因素之一,就是2018年12月1日中国华为公司副董事长兼财务长孟晚舟在加拿大被捕,引发中国与加拿大、美国三方的外交角力。s
据指出,身系中国重大机密的孟晚舟因触犯当地法律而被捕,使得中国在管辖权顺序上居于劣势,中国为求反制,相中国际重要政商人士聚集的香港布下法网;一旦《逃犯条例》修订,中国将可藉香港特首职权,将“触犯中国法律”而身处香港的中国及外国人移送至中国受审,而这也是北京要求港府必须贯彻修例工作的原因。s
上报报道,因不满孟晚舟加国落网,北京促修“送中条款”寻反制,这样的政治盘算,却在港府推动修例过程中,为将司法权交予北京,港府刻意回避征询公众意见的程序,并引爆港人对中国人大推翻“真普选”承诺以来的强烈不满,掀起接力式的大型抗争。s
香港资深传媒人士指出,林郑月娥启动修例程序之后,并无预留任何协商或转圜空间;既已奉指示便要贯彻命令,这与她公务体系出身的官僚性格有关。因此在抗争升高,北京透过不同管道放话,暗示她应以完成修例为最后底限而放低姿态,据了解中港政治操作的人士指出,北京对已经采取的政治行动,向来没有收回成命的先例,这也是之前外界认定中国绝不可能使用“撤回修例”说法的主要原因。s
林郑自认奉命行事,毋须认错更不应让步,然而在7月下旬抗争演变为流血冲突,国际社会更将矛头直指北京之后,北京两度派韩正等高层南下指挥,香港政坛也盛传北京对林郑月娥已耐性全失,公务体系出身的林郑月娥缺乏政治判断力,又无政治型幕僚,强硬僵化的性格使她在修例问题上拒绝让步却提不出对策,几波激烈冲突更引起国际社会高度瞩目并施压,林郑月娥在同时失去北京支持及港人信任之后,不得不重新回到两个月前撤回修例的选项。s
8月底的时候,路透社曾经披露,香港政府曾经向北京当局递交过一分报告,建议向示威者做出两项让步,第一,彻底取消引发香港危机的送中条例修改,第二,原则上同意就警察过度施暴的指控展开独立调查,不过,北京当局的回复要求林郑月娥一点儿也不让步。而中国媒体否认有这一报告的存在。s
林郑月娥在和商界见面时曾说,北京政府没有要求香港政府在10月1日中华人民共和国70周年国庆前解决问题,又指北京政府“绝对没有计划”派解放军平息示威浪潮,她还说,北京政府关心中国的国际形象,中国用了很长的时间才成为国际上的大经济体之一,成了负责任的经济大国,中国是不会放弃这些具有积极意义的发展的。s
不过,港府撤回修例的权宜之计,不仅演变成无法停止抗争的局面,也让北京罕见吞下撤回成命的败绩。中国网民看到政府突然对香港“暴徒”退让了,感觉受骗,愤怒指责北京手软的百味杂陈,但箭头都直指中央:
护叔饱:同是中国人,为什么香港有如此特权?能成为国内逃犯的欢乐园?s
肖杨xiaoyang:黄之锋等学生领袖年轻有为!逼着香港政府妥协投降,出卖警察。中央爸爸也没办法。s
帅德布耀德荣哥 :看着暴徒们的一项项诉求被实现,看着香港警方的努力付诸东流?这就是沉得住气?大使馆被炸的时候我们忍了,飞机被撞的时候我们忍了,香港都快堵了还要忍?活的像在南宋一样,忍也行啊,官媒吹牛的时候你咋没想到这种结果呢?港澳办的脸都被打肿了还是从长计议?s
穆伯凌:微博热搜天天说香港暴徒下场如何如何,到头来人家还是胜利了,我现在反思是不是一开始我们就真的有问题。s
奥林:对于香港问题,内地官方发言,官媒话语,如果不改变那种僵化敌对陈旧又穷凶极恶抹黑侮辱性的话语方式,香港的民心不可能获得,只会增加恶感。比较起来,林郑月娥的表达更理性,是现代政治语言。就整体公民和执政团队对公共事务表现的素质而言,内地还徘徊在前现代社会,没上政治文明轨道。s

田园女权:香港人会赢,他们不是废青,他们是无私的勇士,为民主自由走出第一步的人,全香港人都感谢他们,没人可以让自由的人下跪,去看看乌克兰的那个纪录片凛冬烈火吧,这个世界上人追求的不只是有衣服穿有饱饭吃。s

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