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التلبك الأميركي في شمال شرق سوريا

تزداد معادلة الوجود العسكري الأميركي في سوريا تعقيدا مع اقتصار العمليات على مساحة صغيرة يصعب الدفاع عنها، والتركيز على “حماية” حقول النفط التي تعود قانونا إلى الدولة السورية.

وكان الرئيس دونالد ترامب ندد ب”حروب لا نهاية لها”. وقرر في السادس من تشرين الأول/اكتوبر سحب الف جندي منتشرين في شمال شرق سوريا لمحاربة الجهاديين.

ولكن بعد مضي فترة شهر، لا يزال عديد القوات الأميركية نفسه تقريبا مع استبدال القوات الخاصة التي غادرت من الشمال بوحدات مدرعة في منطقة دير الزور حيث حقول النفط الرئيسية.

صرح الخميس الضابط في هيئة الأركان الأميركية نائب الأدميرال وليام بيرن خلال مؤتمر صحافي في البنتاغون ان الانسحاب من المناطق الحدودية مع تركيا “مستمر. لقد تم سحب معظم المعدات والعناصر من هذه المنطقة”.

وقال بيرن إن المقاتلين الأكراد في قوات سوريا الديموقراطية الذين شعروا في البداية بان الولايات المتحدة خانتهم، استأنفوا تعاونهم مع القوات الأميركية.

وتابع ان البنتاغون يواصل تزويدهم الأسلحة.

الانسحاب لم يعد واردا. اذ صرح المتحدث باسم البنتاغون جوناثان هوفمان في المؤتمر الصحافي “نحن مصممون على البقاء في المنطقة”.

وقال ان القوات الأميركية ستبقى في سوريا “طالما كان ذلك ضروريا”.

وفي حين يؤكد ترامب ان مهمة الجيش الأميركي حاليا تقضي بحماية حقول النفط، يتعين على مسؤولي البنتاغون تحوير ذلك للتأكيد أنها ضد الجهاديين، كتبرير لتدخل الولايات المتحدة في منطقة أجنبية ضد إرادة حكومتها.

وقال بيرن “لن أقول إن المهمة هي تأمين حقول النفط. المهمة هي إلحاق هزيمة بداعش. تأمين حقول النفط مسألة تتبع لهذه المهمة، والهدف هو منع تنظيم الدولة الاسلامية من الاستفادة من حقول النفط”.

واضاف هوفمان “لذا، يتعلق الأمر بمنع داعش من الوصول إليها وكذلك السماح للأكراد وقوات سوريا الديموقراطية بالسيطرة على النفط”.

وتابع ان الهدف هو “إعطاء الأكراد في المنطقة، وقوات سوريا الديموقراطية مصدراً للدخل وإمكان تشكيل قوة في حملتهم العسكرية ضد داعش”.

وقال هوفمان “إنها ليست مهمة جديدة. يبدو أن الجميع يعتقدون أن الأمر قد تغير، لكنه ليس كذلك”.

في حين كانت القوات الأميركية تسيطر في السابق على كامل الأراضي السورية شرق الفرات بحماية غطاء جوي والحدود الطبيعية للنهر، أسفر وجود القوات الروسية والتركية والسورية في الشمال عن فتح جبهة جديدة، ما يفسر إرسال آليات مدرعة.

قال نائب الأدميرال بيرن “هناك سببان، أحدهما استخدام مركبات تسير بسرعة، والآخر هو حماية قواتنا. انها مدرعة”، مشيرا الى ان هذا الخيار كان بسبب “التهديدات”.

بعد اعتداءات 11 ايلول/سبتمبر 2001، سمح الكونغرس للسلطة التنفيذية بالقيام بعمليات عسكرية غير محدودة ضد الإرهاب، ويعتمد البنتاغون على هذا التفويض لتبرير السيطرة على حقول النفط في سوريا.

وردا على سؤال لصحافي عما اذا كانت “الولايات المتحدة تسرق النفط”، اجاب هوفمان ان “الولايات المتحدة لا تستفيد من كل هذا لان الأرباح تعود إلى قوات سوريا الديموقراطية”.

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