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إيران والمجموعة «٣+٣» لاجتماع ثان في موسكو

اتفقت ايران والقوى الكبرى على الاجتماع مجددا الشهر القادم لمحاولة تخفيف حدة الازمة الطويلة بسبب البرنامج النووي الايراني على الرغم من عدم تحقيق تقدم يذكر في المحادثات التي استضافتها بغداد لحل النقاط الرئيسية المعلقة في نزاعهما.

ويأتي في قلب هذا النزاع اصرار طهران على تخصيب اليورانيوم وعلى رفع العقوبات الاقتصادية عنها قبل ان توقف انشطتها النووية التي من الممكن ان تقود إلى امتلاكها القدرة على صنع سلاح نووي. وتقود اشتون المفاوضات من جانب القوى الكبرى التي تضم الدول الخمس دائمة العضوية في مجلس الامن وهي بريطانيا والصين وفرنسا وروسيا والولايات المتحدة بالاضافة إلى المانيا. وتصر القوى الغربية على ضرورة ان توقف ايران اولا عمليات تخصيب اليورانيوم إلى درجة مرتفعة قبل الحديث عن رفع العقوبات.

لكن كلا من الجانبين لديه اسباب قوية لعدم التخلي عن سبيل الدبلوماسية. وتريد القوى الكبرى تفادي خطر وقوع حرب جديدة في الشرق الاوسط وهو الخطر الذي اثارته تهديدات اسرائيل بتوجيه ضربة عسكرية لايران بينما تريد طهران تفادي الحظر الغربي الوشيك على صادراتها النفطية.

وبعد ان امتدت المناقشات في بغداد إلى ساعة متأخرة من يوم ثان لم يكن مقررا يوم الخميس بين مبعوثين من ايران والقوى الست الكبرى قالت مسؤولة السياسة الخارجية بالاتحاد الأوروبي كاثرين آشتون ان من الواضح ان الجانبين يريدان إحراز تقدم ويتفقان بشأن بعض الأمور لكن بينهما أيضا خلافات مهمة.

وقالت في مؤتمر صحفي في بغداد “سنواصل الاتصالات المكثفة مع الجانب الايراني للتحضير لاجتماع آخر في موسكو.” والاجتماع القادم هو الثالث في احدث جولة من المحادثات التي بدأت في اسطنبول الشهر الماضي بعد توقف للجهود الدبلوماسية استمر 15 شهرا وسوف يعقد في موسكو يومي 18 و19 يونيو حزيران.

وقال سعيد جليلي كبير المفاوضين الايرانيين وممثل القائد الايراني الاعلى علي خامنئي “المحادثات كانت مكثفة وطويلة … كانت مفصلة لكنها لم تحسم.”

واضاف جليلي “كان المناخ في هذه المحادثات إيجابيا للجانبين للحديث عن قضاياهما بشكل واضح. “نعتقد ان نتيجة هذه المحادثات اننا تمكنا اكثر من معرفة وجهات نظر بعضنا وبشكل افضل.”

وعلى الرغم من عدم تحقق اي تقدم حقيقي يذكر وافق الجانبان على مواصلة المحادثات وهو ما يعد في حد ذاته علامة على حدوث تقدم وذلك بعد اكثر من عام من توقف المحادثات قبل استئنافها مرة أخرى في ابريل نيسان.

وأكثر ما يقلق الغرب هو قدرة ايران على تخصيب اليورانيوم لمستوى نقاء 20 في المئة لانه يعني التغلب على العقبات الفنية التي تحول دون الوصول الى تخصيب بدرجة نقاء 90 في المئة المستخدمة في صنع القنابل. وتقول ايران انها لن تتجاوز نسبة تخصيب 20 في المئة وان المادة ستحول الى وقود لمفاعل ابحاث.

وأضافت اشتون “ايران أعلنت استعدادها للتعامل مع قضية التخصيب الى مستوى 20 بالمئة ضمن خطتها المكونة من خمس نقاط بما في ذلك تأكيدها على اعترافنا بحقهم في التخصيب.”

وتقول ايران إنها لن تخصب اليورانيوم لدرجة أعلى من 20 في المئة وإنها ستحول اليورانيوم المخصب إلى وقود لمفاعلها البحثي.

وقال مسؤول أمريكي كبير رفض الكشف عن اسمه نظرا لحساسية الموضوع “لم نتوقع أبدا التوصل إلى ذلك الاتفاق (بشأن التخصيب إلى مستوى 20 بالمئة) هنا في بغداد.”

لكنه اضاف “هناك اتفاق على معالجة كافة أوجه مسألة التخصيب لنسبة 20 في المئة كما طرحناها على الطاولة

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