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أوروبا تتحرك للتصدي لأزمة الديون

وعد الاوروبيون الثلاثاء شركاءهم في مجموعة السبع بالتحرك “سريعا” للتصدي لازمة الديون في وقت تواجه منطقة اليورو القلقة على مستقبلها، مشكلة هشاشة القطاع المصرفي الاسباني.
وقال وزير المال الياباني جون ازومي بعد مؤتمر عبر الهاتف مع نظرائه في الدول الصناعية السبع (الولايات المتحدة واليابان وكندا والمانيا وفرنسا وبريطانيا وايطاليا) ان “المعسكر الاوروبي اعلن انه سيعالج الازمة بسرعة”.
ولم تعلن الدول الكبرى عن اي اجراء في وقت دعمت الآمال بتحرك البنوك المركزية لفترة الاسواق المالية صباحا. وخلال المؤتمر عبر الهاتف تراجع اليورو امام الدولار في حين اقفلت البورصات الاوروبية على تراجع.
واكتفت الولايات المتحدة التي تترأس هذه السنة مجموعة السبع، بنشر بيان اشار الى ان وزراء المال ورؤساء البنوك المركزية طرحوا “الاجوبة السياسية قيد الدرس خصوصا التقدم لانشاء وحدة مال وموازنة في اوروبا”.
وقللت كافة العواصم من اهمية “تبادل المعلومات المنتظم”.
الا ان مسؤولا في بلد من مجموعة السبع اقر بان اسبانيا “في صلب النقاشات” و”كذلك ما سيحصل بعد الانتخابات التشريعية اليونانية” في 17 حزيران/يونيو.
وعشية الاجتماع قال الوزير الكندي جيم فلاهرتي انه سيتعلق ب”الاهتمام الحقيقي الحالي” وهو “اوروبا” و”ضعف بعض البنوك”.
واعتبر ان منطقة اليورو “لم تتحرك بما فيه الكفاية لتأمين رسملة مصرفية” و”انشاء آلية مناسبة” للتعامل مع الوضع.
ودعت الولايات المتحدة الاوروبيين الى اتخاذ “تدابير اخرى” لتسوية الازمة بما ان “الثقة لم تعد بعد الى الاسواق”.
وقال مسؤول في الخزانة الاميركية “نأمل في ان تتحرك اوروبا بشكل اسرع في الاسابيع القادمة” خصوصا “لتعزيز النظام المصرفي الاوروبي”.
والمصارف الاسبانية هي التي تثير القلق الاكبر ويجد الاتحاد الاوروبي صعوبة في الاتفاق على افضل طريقة لمواجهة هذا الوضع.
وقال رئيس الوزراء الاسباني ماريانو راخوي الثلاثاء ان على اوروبا “ان تدعم الدول التي تواجه صعوبات”.
واكد وزير الموازنة الاسباني كريستوبال مونتورو ان ارتفاع سعر الفائدة على القروض، يغلق امامها الاسواق.
وترفض اسبانيا حاليا الاستعانة بمساعدة دولية. وقال كريستوبال انه لا يمكن للبلاد “تقنيا ان تخضع لخطة انقاذ” معتبرا ان مساعدة رابع اقتصاد في منطقة اليورو سيكلف الدول الاعضاء كثيرا.
ولا تريد مدريد مثل هذه المساعدة الدولية لان هذا سيعني التفاوض مع الاوروبيين او حتى صندوق النقد الدولي حول خطة تقشف.
ويأمل راخوي في ان تفضي النقاشات الى نتيجة للسماح لصندوق انقاذ منطقة اليورو باعادة رسملة بصورة مباشرة المصارف التي تواجه مشكلة من دون التفاوض للتوصل الى وصاية كما هو الحال مع اليونان والبرتغال وايرلندا.
وتدعم المفوضية الاوروبية ودول عدة منها فرنسا هذه الخطة، لكنها تصطدم برفض الماني.
وتندرج مثل هذه الالية في تفكير اكثر عمقا يجريه الاوروبيون حول مستقبل منطقة اليورو قبل قمة الاتحاد الاوروبي في 28 و29 حزيران/يونيو. ولم تغلق المستشارة الالمانية انغيلا ميركل الباب تماما امام تطبيق اتحاد مصرفي او اصدار سندات اوروبية لتغطية قسم من الديون العامة لكنها لم تر في ذلك حلا على الاجل القصير او تتويجا لعملية طويلة تمر عبر فقدان السيطرة على الموازنة.

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