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منجم ماس في روسيا يكفي العالم ٣ آلاف سنة

رفعت روسيا السرية عن وثائق خاصة بمنجم الماس فائق الصلابة، في حدث قد يقلب أسواق الماس العالمية رأسا على عقب، وأفادت المعلومات عن امتلاك روسيا لكميات هائلة من الألماس في منطقة شرق سيبيريا حيث توجد تريليونات من قيراطات الألماس التي يعود تشكلها لملايين السنين.
وتكونت الماسات النادرة عقب اصطدام كويكب بالأرض، مشكلا حفرة كبيرة بقطر 62 ميلا في تلك المنطقة.
وتؤكد صحيفة “كريستيان ساينس مونيتر” أن الروس يعرفون ذلك منذ السبعينيات، وبقيت تلك المعلومات طي الكتمان حتى اليوم.
وأشارت وكالة “نوفوستي” إلى أن علماء معهد الجيولوجيا التابع لأكاديمية العلوم الروسية فرع سيبيريا، كشفوا أنه قد “تم رفع السرية عن منجم للماس فائق الصلابة، يقع في منطقة حدودية بين ياقوتيا وكراسنويارسك في منطقة الفوهة الصدمية المعروفة باسم بوبيغاي”، والتي نتجت عن اصطدام كويكب بالأرض قبل حوالي 35 مليون عام.
وعثر علماء سوفييت في سبعينات القرن الماضي على أحجار ماس فائقة الصلابة ذات خصائص مميزة في هذه المنطقة. فقد تميزت الماسات بصلابة تفوق مرتين صلابة الماس المعروف كما ان بنيتها مختلفة. ولكون الحكومة توجهت في ذلك الوقت إلى إنتاج الماس الصناعي فقد توقفت عن دراسة الماسات الجديدة واعتبرت منجمها من الأماكن السرية.
لكن علماء الجيولوجيا عادوا إلى دراسة خصائص الماسات الفريدة بعد رفع السرية عنها، كما ان تغير متطلبات الاقتصاد جعل هذه الماسات مرغوبا بها جدا بسبب خصائصها.
وقال مدير معهد الجيولوجيا التابع لأكاديمية العلوم الروسية نيقولاي بوخيلينكو “إن النتائج الأولية للأبحاث تشير إلى أننا أمام انقلاب محتمل في سوق الماس. إن احتياطي الماس فائق الصلابة في فوهة بوبيغاي يفوق احتياطي الماس في العالم.
إننا نتحدث عن ترليونات من القيراطات”.
وللمقارنة فان احتياطي الماس في ياقوتيا يبلغ حوالي مليار قيراط.
ويحذر غينادي نيكيتين، نائب مدير معهد “ياقوت نييبروم الماس”، من أن الاكتشاف يمكن أن يؤثر في أسعار الماس، ويقول “لا نعرف كيف ستصبح أسعار الماس في السوق إذا دخلته الماسات فائقة الصلابة”.
ويقول الباحث بوخيلينكو ان “كبر حجم الماسات الصدمية وصفاتها النادرة يزيد من قيمتها ويوسع مجال استخدامها صناعيا في قطع المعادن وصناعة أشباه الموصلات وغيرها”.
ولم يتم العثور على ماسات بهذه الصفات في العالم بعد. ويعتقد العلماء أن مصدرها هو الفضاء الخارجي وان روسيا ستصبح الدولة الوحيدة المالكة لاحتياطي هذا المورد النادر، والمطلوب جدا في مجال التقنيات الحديثة.
ويقدر العلماء أن الاحتياطي يكفي العالم مدة 3 آلاف عام.

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