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فوز عالمين أميركيين بجائزة نوبل للكيمياء

حصل عالمان أمريكيان على جائزة نوبل للكيمياء لعام 2012 يوم الأربعاء عن البحث في كيفية استجابة الخلايا للمحفزات الخارجية والذي يساعد في التوصل إلى أدوية أفضل لمكافحة أمراض مثل السكري والسرطان والاكتئاب.

وقالت الأكاديمية الملكية السويدية للعلماء إن الجائزة التي تبلغ قيمتها ثمانية ملايين كرونة (1.2 مليون دولار) ذهبت إلى كل من روبرت ليفكوفيتز (69 عاما) وبرايان كوبيلكا (57 عاما) لاكتشاف الطريقة التي تعمل بها المستقبلات المقترنة بالبروتين جي والتي تتيح للخلايا الاستجابة للرسائل الكيماوية مثل دفقات الادرينالين.

وقالت اللجنة التي تمنح الجائزة “نحو نصف الأدوية تحدث مفعولها عبر تلك المستقبلات بما في ذلك حاصرات بيتا والأدوية المضادة للهيستامين وأنواع مختلفة من أدوية الأمراض النفسية.”

ويمثل التوصل إلى سبل أفضل لاستهداف هذه المستقبلات محور تركيز شركات الدواء والتكنولوجيا الحيوية.

وقال ليفكوفيتز في مؤتمر صحفي عبر الهاتف إنه كان نائما حين تلقى مكالمة من السويد.

وقال “لم أسمع الهاتف.. علي أن اكشف لكم انني أضع سدادات للأذن حتى أنام. لذلك أيقظتني زوجتي. وهكذا أصبت بصدمة تامة وكانت مفاجأة لي.”

وقال سفين ليدين أستاذ الكيمياء غير العضوية في جامعة لوند ورئيس اللجنة في مؤتمر صحفي إن الاكتشاف يمثل أهمية كبيرة في الأبحاث الطبية.

ومضى يقول “معرفة شكلها (المستقبلات) وكيف تعمل.. سيوفر لنا الأدوات اللازمة لصنع أدوية أفضل مع عدد أقل من الآثار الجانبية.”

والمستقبلات المقترنة بالبروتين جي مرتبطة بمجموعة كبيرة من الأمراض بما أنها تقوم بدور محوري في الكثير من الوظائف الحيوية في الجسم لكن التوصل إلى أدوية جديدة لاستهدافها بشكل دقيق كان صعبا بسبب الافتقار لفهم طريقة عملها بشكل أساسي. ويقول خبراء إن ما حققه هذان العالمان فتح الباب امام صنع أدوية أفضل.

ومن الممكن أن تعالج الأدوية التي تستهدف المستقبلات المقترنة بالبروتين جي أمراضا مرتبطة بالجهاز العصبي المركزي وأمراض القلب والالتهاب واضطرابات التمثيل الغذائي.

وقال مارك داونز المدير التنفيذي للجمعية البريطانية للأحياء في بيان “هذا الإنجاز الثوري الذي يتضمن علم الوراثة والكيمياء الحيوية أرسى أساسا لفهمنا لعلم الأدوية الحديث وكذلك كيف أن الخلايا في أجزاء مختلفة من المخلوقات الحية يمكن أن يكون رد فعلها مختلفا ازاء المحفز الخارجي.”

وجائزة نوبل للكيمياء هي ثالث جائزة تعلن ضمن جوائز نوبل عقب الاعلان عن جائزتي الطب والفيزياء. وبدأ منح جوائز نوبل في العلوم والاداب والسلام عام 1901 وفقا لرغبة ألفريد نوبل مخترع الديناميت

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