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بين الشيعة والسنة: هيهات من الذلة

معمر عطوي
لا يمكن فصل قضية الصراع المذهبي بين السنّة والشيعة في لبنان عن سياقها الإقليمي وامتدادتها الدولية على مستوى العالم الإسلامي. كما لا يمكن معالجتها بمقال أو حتى بكتاب طالما أنها متجذرة في التاريخ وغارقة في لاهوتيتها وبعدها الغيبي الماــ ورائي.
تتصاعد اليوم نغمة «الغبن» و«مظلومية» أهل السنة في لبنان والعراق بشكل خاص، وتأخذ الاحتجاجات في لبنان أبعاداً ساذجة أحياناً كثيرة في طريقة التعبير عنها: «لم نعد مكسر عصا» و«السنة خرجوا من القمقم» و»لن نسكت بعد الآن» و«هيهات من الذلة» وما الى ذلك.
وكأن الفئة المقهورة المستهدفة هي فقط أهل السنة. أو كأن الدولة التي يتزعمها رئيس حكومة سني يمتلك من الصلاحيات ما لا يمتلكه رئيس الجمهورية الماروني، لا شغل لها الا قهر وإذلال أهل السنة!!.
أو كأن مشكلة الكهرباء والهاتف والطرقات والاستشفاء والتعليم الخ.. لا تطال سوى هذه الفئة من الناس على اختلاف مستوياتهم المادية والعلمية.
في الواقع مشكلة البكائيات القائمة على أساس مذهبي، ليست وليدة احتقان سني عشائري في العراق بعد رحيل صدام حسين ولا هي نتاج معركة شرسة يقودها نظام بشار الأسد في سوريا ضد شعب معظمه من الطائفة السنيّة. هي قضية تاريخية جذرها يمتد الى صراع على السلطة بين معاوية وعلي، وصل الى ذروته مع استشهاد الحسين بن علي على يد يزيد بن معاوية وتداعياتها تمتد الى آخر أفق التخلف البشري الديني.
إذن هي مشكلة ضاربة في القِدم بدأت سياسية وتحوّلت الى عقائدية، بشكل غير مفهوم حتى الآن. لأن المسكوت عنه في الخطاب الديني ظل قابعاً في أدراج الممنوعات التي يحرم الاقتراب منها، حتى ولو في سياق مناقشة موضوعية عقلانية. لأن العقل لا يمكن له تجاوز النقل (النص الديني المقدس)، ولأن العقيدة ثابتة قطعاً والتطاول عليها من الكبائر في الدين. وهذه المفاهيم ليست حكراً على مذهب من مذاهب الإسلام وإنما هي من المُسلّمات لدى كل المذاهب الإسلامية على تنوعها وتباينها فيما بينها.
مع ذلك، الواضح أن أصل المشكلة سياسي، وأن كل ما يُقال عن منظومات عقائدية لدى هذا المذهب أو ذاك ما هي إلا من قبيل إعطاء مشروعية للجماعة السياسية، وتمتين أواصر اللحمة بين أعضائها بآليات إلهية اتّخذت
صفة المُقدّسات لترسيخ عرى الجمود والتشدد في العقل الجمعي للأتباع والمريدين.
لهذا نجد من يتحمّس لداعية من هذا المذهب أو شخصية دينية من ذاك المذهب، يتصرّف من منطلق الغيرة على الجماعة بغض النظر عن سبب المشكلة. ونجد من ينجرف تلقائياً وراء الخطاب التحريضي من دون أن ينطلق في ذلك من فهم ماهية الشيعة أو ماهية السنة وطبيعة الخلافات الفقهية والتاريخية والعقائدية بينهما.
أزعم أن قضية المذهبية التي تتجلى بأبشع صورها اليوم، هي تكرار للممارسة الصهيونية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، والتي استغلت مجازر النازية لنسج شريط طويل من البكائيات ذات الطابع الطائفي، مع العلم ان ضحايا أدولف هتلر ونظامه الدموي كانوا من جميع الأطياف والقوميات وليسوا من اليهود فقط. لعلنا نواصل كتابة مجموعة من المقالات من وحي العلاقة المُلتبسة بين السنة والشيعة، إذ يصرخ كل طرف «هيهات من الذلة» وكلاهما قد يكون محقاً في طرح مظلوميته.

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