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رمضان بلا أخلاق: طقوس وتبذير وطبقية

attwi 2013معمر عطوي
بدأ شهر رمضان هذا العام وعادت صور البذخ والتبذير في الطعام والشراب لتحتل صورة العادات الاجتماعية السيئة والتي ترافق طقوس وعبادات خاصة بالمناسبة.
في رمضان من كل عام ثمة احتفالية طقوسية تطغى على مناخات المجتمعات الإسلامية، فتتغير حركة الشراء للمواد الغذائية والأطعمة الخاصة بالصائمين مثل زيادة كميات المشتريات من الخضروات والعصائر والحلويات والتمور، بينما ترتفع الأسعار استغلالاً للموسم من التجار المسلمين الذين لا يرحمون حتى أتباع دينهم.
وفيما تعمر الولائم بالاطايب واللحوم والحلويات على اشكالها في وجبات الإفطار والسحور، يعيش ملايين المسلمين حالة فقر مدقع قد لا يجدون معها كسرة خبز او شربة ماء، فما بالك بملايين البشر من غير المسلمين الذين يصومون على مدار السنة؟، بينما الأغنياء الذين يتغنون بشعار» انما المؤمنون اخوة» يلقون بقايا ما لذ وطاب من الطعام في سلة المهملات.
وللأسف لا يدرك معظم المسلمين أن الطقوس الدينية التي يمارسونها لا معنى لها إن لم تقترن بفعل أخلاقي يؤكد المعاني والدلالات التي يبررون بها شهر الصيام، فتجد منهم من يبدأ الصيام لكنه لا يصمت عن الكذب او قول الفتنة وبث السموم بين الناس. ومنهم من يصوم عن الطعام ولا يصوم عن معاداة أهله أو اصدقائه، رغم ان الأخلاق الاسلامية تفرض على الصائم ان يستهل صيامه في هذا الشهر بتصفية القلوب وتحسين العلاقات الاجتماعية والمسامحة والدفع بالتي هي أحسن.
والأنكى من ذلك الخلافات الفقهية التي لم يجد رجال الدين حتى الآن فتاوى لحلها من أجل مصلحة الوحدة والتعاون بين المسلمين. فترى الفقهاء عاجزين عن تطوير مفاهيم الصيام إما بضغوط سياسية او لجهلهم بتطوير الأحكام، يصرّون على آرائهم في رؤية الهلال الذي يحدد بداية ونهاية الشهر فلا يلجأون الى الأساليب العلمية في تحديده ويستمر الخلاف بينهم فتجد في العائلة الواحدة خلاف بين افرادها حول موعد الصيام والعيد. وكذلك وقت الافطار عند المغرب حيث يحدث الفارق قرابة نصف الساعة بين فقيه وآخر أو مذهب ومذهب. وما بالك بمن يصوم نحو 18 او 20 ساعة كما هو الحال لدى قاطني اوروبا الشمالية. وهل من العدل ان يفطر الغني ويدفع كفارة لقاء افطاره، بينما الفقير الذي يعمل في الأشغال الشاقة لا يجد فتوى تجيز له الافطار في رمضان فيتكرس بذلك البعد الطبقي للدين؟
بأي حال وبعيداً عن البعد الميتافيزيقي لشهر الصوم، لا بد من تفعيل البعد الاخلاقي وبعد التكافل الاجتماعي في هذا الشهر حتى لا يبقى مجرد طقوس وحركات شكلية للمباهاة والتبذير والعادات السيئة التي لا ترتبط بتاتاً بروح الهدف من الصيام.

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