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الكونغرس الأميركي يجنب البلاد الشلل

توصل الكونغرس الاميركي مساء الخميس الى اتفاق يجنب الدولة الفدرالية الشلل، غير انه ما زال يتحتم البت في مسألتي تمديد الاعفاءات الضريبية على الاجور للطبقة الوسطى، وتمديد المساعدات للعاطلين عن العمل.
وتوصل مفاوضو مجلس النواب، الذي يسيطر عليه الجمهوريون، ومجلس الشيوخ، الذي يسيطر عليه الديموقراطيون، الى اتفاق يتيح تصويت المجلسين على مشروع قانون تمويل، تزيد قيمته عن الف مليار دولار قبل منتصف ليل الجمعة.
واعلن هال روجرز رئيس لجنة مجلس النواب المكلفة توزيع اموال الدولة الفدرالية ان “مجلسي النواب والشيوخ توصلا الى اتفاق نهائي يسمح بالتقدم في مشروع قانون التمويل للسنة المالية 2012”.
واضاف “امل في ان يتمكن مجلسا النواب والشيوخ من اقرار هذا النص الجمعة لتفادي شلل في الحكومة وتمويل برامج وخدمات اساسية للشعب الاميركي والحد من الانفاق للمساعدة في وضع حسابات البلاد على سكة الاستدامة”.
وجرت مفاوضات مكثفة طوال يوم الخميس في الكونغرس، بين كل من الحزبين الذين سعيا لفرض مخرج للازمة يكون مؤاتيا لمصالحه، قبل اشهر قليلة من الانتخابات الرئاسية والتشريعية في تشرين الثاني/ نوفمبر 2012.
وبموجب الاتفاق الذي تم التوصل اليه الخميس، يتخلى الجمهوريون بصورة خاصة عن اجراءات تهدف الى اضعاف عملية اصلاح وول ستريت التي يتمسك بها الرئيس الأميركي باراك اوباما.
غير انه ما زال يتحتم البت في نقطة في هذه المفاوضات، وهي مسألة تمديد الاعفاءات الضريبية التي يستفيد منها 160 مليون اميركي والمساعدات للعاطلين عن العمل، قبل انتهاء مدة هذين الاجراءين في 31 كانون الاول/ ديسمبر.
وقال زعيم الغالبية الديموقراطية في مجلس الشيوخ هاري ريد مساء الخميس انه يدرس تمديدا موقتا للاجراءين لمدة شهرين، بعدما دعا اوباما الى تمديدهما سنة.
وقال ريد للصحافيين “آمل الا نفعل ذلك لكن ان فعلنا، فهذا سيسمح للناس بالاستمرار في الاستفادة من التخفيضات الضريبية”.
واوضح مصدر ديموقراطي ان المفاوضات تتواصل بشان “اتفاق كامل” حول هذه المسألة.
ويرفض الديموقراطيون نهج الجمهوريين حول هذا الموضوع لاعتبارهم ان الخطة الضريبية التي يطرحها خصومهم ستتسبب بزيادة في الضرائب عام 2012.
وعارض اوباما والديموقراطيون مشروعا جمهوريا لبناء خط الانابيب العملاق “كيستون اكس ال” بين كندا والولايات المتحدة، والذي ارجأته ادارة اوباما الى 2013 لاجراء دراسة اضافية حول تاثيره على البيئة.
كما قدم الديموقراطيون تنازلات ايضا بتخليهم عن المطالبة بالغاء الاعفاءات الضريبية للاميركيين الذين يزيد دخلهم عن مليون دولار في السنة لتمويل التخفيضات الضريبية للطبقة المتوسطة، بحسب ما اوضحت مصادر في الكونغرس.
ولو اصيبت الدولة الفدرالية بالشلل عشية عطلة اعياد الميلاد ورأس السنة، لكان انعكس ذلك سلبا على اقتصاد البلد حيث لا تزال نسبة البطالة تصل الى 8,6%، فيما النمو ما زال ضعيفا.
وسعى اوباما لطمأنة الاميركيين، موضحا للصحافيين انه “ليس هناك ما يدعو الى شل الحكومة”، ومؤكدا انه “لا يجدر بالكونغرس ولا يمكنه الذهاب في عطلة” قبل التوصل الى اتفاق.
واعلن رئيس مجلس النواب جون باينر خلال مؤتمر صحافي الخميس أن “لا حاجة لشل الحكومة”، مشيرا الى ان مشروع قانون التمويل يحظى بدعم الحزبين.
وسيمول قانون المالية الحكومة الفدرالية لباقي السنة المالية 2012 التي بدأت في الاول من تشرين الاول/ اكتوبر.
وغالبا ما واجهت الدولة الفدرالية خطر الشلل خلال العام 2011، وقد تفادى الكونغرس في اذار/ مارس ونيسان/ ابريل واخيرا في ايلول/ سبتمبر كارثة اغلاق الاجهزة الحكومية بفضل اتفاقات تم التوصل اليها في اللحظة الاخيرة.

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