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عبودية الأطفال تدر ١٥٠ مليار دولار سنوياً

Capture d’écran 2014-05-20 à 11.32.56اعلنت منظمة العمل الدولية الثلاثاء ان العمل القسري في القطاع الخاص والذي يطاول ملايين الاشخاص في مجال الجنس وقطاع الزراعة وفي المنازل يدر 150 مليار دولار من الارباح السنوية غير المشروعة في العالم.

واعلنت بيت اندريس مديرة برنامج التحرك الخاص لمكافحة العمل القسري في منظمة العمل الدولية لدى تقديم تقرير بهذا الصدد انه “في الاقتصاد الخاص، ان العمل القسري يدر 150 مليار دولار (109 مليار يورو) من الارباح في السنة”.

وياتي ثلثا هذه الارباح اي 99 مليار دولار من الاستغلال الجنسي لاهداف تجارية، فيما ال51 مليار المتبقية ناتجة عن الاتجار بالعمال لاهداف الاستغلال الاقتصادي بما في ذلك الاعمال المنزلية (8 مليار) والزراعة (9 مليار) وغيرها من الانشطة الاقتصادية (34 مليار) كالبناء والتصنيع والمناجم وخدمات المنفعة العامة.Capture d’écran 2014-05-20 à 11.33.19

وتستند هذه الارقام الى بيانات منظمة العمل الدولية الصادرة عام 2012 والتي قدرت ب20,9 مليونا عدد الاشخاص الذي يطاولهم العمل القسري والاتجار بالبشر والرق الحديث في العالم، وبينهم 18,7 مليونا في القطاع الخاص.

و26% من الضحايا ال20,9 ملايين هم اطفال فيما 55% منهم من النساء والفتيات.

وتضم منطقة اسيا والمحيط الهادئ اعلى عدد في العالم من العمال القسريين (بما في ذلك العمل القسري الذي تفرضه الدولة) يبلغ 11,7 مليون ضحية (56%)، تليها افريقيا (18%) واميركا اللاتينية (9%) ودول اوروبا الوسطى والجنوبية الشرقية ومجموعة الدول المستقلة (7%) والدول المتطورة وبلدان الاتحاد الاوروبي (7%) واخيرا الشرق الاوسط (3%).

Capture d’écran 2014-05-20 à 11.33.48وقالت بيت اندريس انه “بعدما تم تحقيق تقدم على صعيد تراجع العمل القسري الذي تفرضه الدول، علينا الان ان نركز على العوامل الاجتماعية الاقتصادية التي تجعل الاشخاص عرضة للعمل القسري في القطاع الخاص”.

وما يزيد من قلق منظمة العمل الدولية التي تضم ممثلين عن ارباب العمل والنقابات والحكومات، ان اتفاقيتها لتحريم السخرة تعود الى العام 1930 وكانت تهدف الى مكافحة ممارسات الدول في المستعمرات.Capture d’écran 2014-05-20 à 11.32.32

وقالت كورين فارغا الخبيرة في منظمة العمل الدولية ان هذه الاتفاقية “كانت فاعلة في زمنها لكنها لم تعد مناسبة للعمل القسري في القطاع الخاص”.

ومن المقرر مناقشة بروتوكول يسمح بتوسيع نطاق عمل الاتفاقية لتشمل القطاع الخاص مع ادراج تدابير احترازية وتدابير للحماية والتعويض، خلال الجمعية العامة المقبلة للمنظمة المقرر عقدها بين 28 ايار/مايو و12 حزيران/يونيو في جنيف.

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