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مسلمو ميانمار ضحايا قانون يشرع التميز العنصري

Capture d’écran 2014-09-27 à 21.21.21وضعت حكومة ميانمار مسودة خطة تجعل أبناء أقلية الروهينغا المسلمة أمام خيار صعب: إما قبول اعادة التصنيف العرقي مع احتمال منحهم الجنسية أو الزج بهم في السجون.

ويعيش معظم الروهينغا الذين يقدر عددهم بنحو 1.1 مليون شخص في ظل ظروف تمييز عنصري بولاية الراخين في غرب ميانمار حيث وقعت اشتباكات عنيفة مع البوذيين من عرق الراخين في عام 2012 مما أسفر عن تشريد 140 ألفا معظمهم من الروهينغا.

وتقترح الخطة التي اطلعت عليهاوكالة رويترز للأنباء من مصادر حصلت على نسخ من مسودتها أن تقيم سلطات الراخين “مخيمات مؤقتة بالأعداد المطلوبة لمن يرفضون تسجيل أسمائهم أو من لا يملكون الوثائق الملائمة.”

وفقد الكثيرون من الروهينغا وثائقهم في أعمال العنف أو رفضوا في السابق تسجيلهم على أنهم من البنغال مثلما تلزم الحكومة بموجب الخطة الجديدة لأنهم يقولون إن التصنيف يوحي بأنهم مهاجرون غير شرعيين من دولة بنجلادش المجاورة.

ورغم الثناء على الاصلاحات السياسية والاقتصادية التي نفذتها حكومة ميانمار منذ انتهاء الحكم العسكري في مارس اذار 2011 فإن البلاد تتعرض لضغوط دولية بسبب معاملتها للروهينغا.

وتقول الخطة إن من أهدافها تعزيز التعايش السلمي ومنع التوتر الطائفي والصراع.

وتشمل فقرات تتناول حل مشكلة الجنسية من خلال برنامج للتحقق من المواطنة بالاضافة إلى تعزيز التنمية الاقتصادية.

لكن مدافعين عن الحقوق يقولون إن الخطة قد تعرض الآلاف من الروهينجا وبينهم من يقيمون في قراهم منذ وقت طويل لخطر الاعتقال لأجل غير مسمى.

* عرض المواطنة

وستعرض الحكومة المواطنة على من يقبلون بالتصنيف العرقي ويطلبون التوثيق. وقد يشجع هذا البعض على قبول تسجيلهم كبنغال.

وستوفر المواطنة بعض الحماية القانونية والحقوق لمن يوافق على الحصول عليها. لكن مسؤولا في الراخين من لجنة تراقب اجراءات التحقق من المواطنة قال إن هذا لن يخفف التوترات القائمة بين البوذيين والمسلمين في الولاية ولن يحول دون تكرار أعمال العنف.

وأضاف تا بوينت وهو عضو أيضا في لجنة تشرف على الشؤون الانسانية في الراخين “عمليا لن يتسنى لبنغالي حصل على المواطنة دخول قرية في الراخين حتى بعدما يحصل على الجنسية والاقامة وكل هذا.”

وقال بوينت وثلاثة مصادر أخرى اتصلت بها رويترز إن الحكومة الوطنية طلبت وضع مسودة للخطة.

ولم يتسن الحصول على تعليق من المتحدث باسم حكومة ميانمار يي هتوت رغم محاولات رويترز المتكررة للاتصال به هاتفيا أو عن طريق البريد الالكتروني.

* أقلية بدون جنسية

يعيش الكثير من أبناء الروهينغا في الراخين منذ وقت طويل ويمثلون جزءا من أقلية صغيرة في ميانمار ذات الأغلبية البوذية.

ولا يحمل الروهينغا الجنسية لان الحكومة لا تعترف بوجود عرق الروهينغا وتصر على رفض منح أغلبهم الجنسية.

وقال فيل روبرتسون نائب مدير شؤون اسيا في منظمة هيومن رايتس ووتش إن قبول تصنيفهم كبنغال قد يجعل الروهينغا عرضة للخطر إذا حاولت السلطات في المستقبل نقلهم إلى بنجلادش بصفتهم مهاجرين غير شرعيين.

وتنص خطة العمل من أجل السلام والاستقرار والتنمية في ولاية الراخين على أن تطلب الحكومة من وكالات دولية المساعدة في “تلبية الاحتياجات الانسانية فيما يتعلق بالغذاء والماء والصرف الصحي” للروهينغا المقيمين في المخيمات المؤقتة الجديدة.

 

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