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تجميد انتاج النفط: اتفاق سعودي روسي قطري فينزويلي

Capture d’écran 2016-02-17 à 00.07.03اتفقت السعودية وروسيا وقطر وفنزويلا إثر اجتماع وزاري في الدوحة الثلاثاء، على تجميد إنتاجها من النفط عند مستوى كانون الثاني/يناير سعيا لإعادة الاستقرار لأسعاره المتهاوية، في خطوة بقي تأثيرها محدودا على الأسعار في الأسواق.

وأكد وزير النفط والصناعة القطري محمد صالح السادة خلال إعلان الاتفاق، أنه مرتبط بقيام منتجين كبار آخرين، خصوصا العراق وإيران، بتجميد مماثل.

وقال السادة للصحافيين إثر الاجتماع الذي عقد في فندق بالدوحة “اتفقت الدول الأربع وبهدف استقرار أسواق النفطـ، على تجميد الإنتاج عند مستوى كانون الثاني/يناير بشرط أن يحذو منتجون كبار آخرون حذونا”.

واعتبر وزير النفط السعودي علي النعيمي أن الدول الأربع تعتقد “أن التجميد الحالي للإنتاج عند مستوى كانون الثاني/يناير مناسب للسوق”.

وأضاف المسؤول السعودي الذي تعد بلاده أكبر منتجي النفط الخام في العالم إن الاتفاق “بداية مسار، سنعمل على تقييمه خلال الأشهر المقبلة لنقرر ما إذا كانت خطوات أخرى ضرورية من أجل استقرار الأسواق”.

أضاف “لا نريد تذبذبات مهمة في الأسعار، لا نريد خفضا للإنتاج، نريد أن نلاقي الطلب ونريد سعرا مستقرا للنفط”.

وكان وزراء النفط والطاقة في السعودية وقطر وفنزويلا، المنضوية في إطار منظمة الدول المنتجة للنفط (أوبك)، وروسيا (أحد أبرز المنتجين من خارج أوبك)، بدأوا اجتماعهم صباح اليوم لبحث الانخفاض الحاد في الأسعار الناتج بشكل أساسي عن فائض الإنتاج.

ويأتي الاتفاق في ظل وضع مضطرب تشهده أسواق النفط العالمية، بعدما أدى فائض الكميات المعروضة إلى تراجع كبير في الأسعار منذ منتصف العام 2014، ما كبّد الدول المنتجة خسائر هائلة في مداخيلها.

ورفضت أوبك، مدفوعة بالدرجة الأولى بقرار السعودية والدول الخليجية الأخرى، خفض انتاجها سعيا لإعادة الاستقرار إلى الأسعار. واعتبرت دول في المنظمة أن الخفض المنفرد للإنتاج سيؤدي إلى فقدانها حصتها من الأسواق، ولن يساهم في انتعاش الأسعار، ما لم تتخذ الدول المنتجة من خارج المنظمة خطوة مماثلة، نظرا إلى حصتها الوازنة في الأسواق.

إلا أن الاتفاق لم يؤثر مباشرة بشكل كبير على الأسعار، فيما رجح محللون أن سببه توقع الأسواق خفضا للإنتاج بدلا من تجميده فقط.

وقال المحلل في “إي تي اكس كابيتال” دانيال سوغرمان لوكالة فرانس برس أنه رغم ان الاتفاق يعد “خطوة اساسية إلى الأمام”، إلا أن “الأهم في هذا الإعلان هو الربط بخطوة مماثلة من منتجين آخرين”.

أضاف “يبدو أن أسعار النفط تشهد ارتفاعا مبدئيا ردا على الإعلان، إلا أن التغيير على المدى البعيد يبدو أنه مرتبط برد فعل بعض الدول (المنتجة) التي لم تكن مشاركة في هذا الاجتماع”.

وأوضح الوزير القطري أن تواصلا “مكثفا” سيبدأ “فورا” مع منتجين آخرين بينهم إيران والعراق العضوان في أوبك، مضيفا “نعتقد أن هذه الخطوة (الاتفاق) تهدف إلى استقرار السوق وستعود بالفائدة ليس فقط على المنتجين والمصدرين، بل أيضا على الاقتصاد العالمي”.

وخسرت أسعار النفط سبعين بالمئة من قيمتها منذ حزيران/يونيو 2014، حينما كان سعر البرميل يفوق المئة دولار. وعجزت الأسواق العالمية عن استيعاب فائض الكميات المنتجة، لا سيما مع تراجع الطلب الصيني.

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